This project will study population genetics and genetic diversity. Avicennia germinans, commonly known as the black mangrove, is hydrochorous and can only grow in tropical environments. Due to a decrease of cold weather in Florida, mangroves (especially A. germinans) are starting to experience population growth along their northern range limit in Florida. Microsatellite markers will measure gene flow and inbreeding in order to assess the genetic diversity seen in the more northern populations. Therefore, raising the question of whether there are different patterns of genetic diversity between nuclear and chloroplast DNA at a species range limit?